Steven C. Gonzalez
December 6th, 2017
Presented to:
Dr. Russell Weaver (Chair)
Dr. Jennifer Jensen
Dr. Thomas Ballinger
M.S. Thesis Proposal
Department of Geography
Texas State University, San Marcos, TX
github: www.github.com/stevenconnorg/maices-enm
contact: scg67@txstate.edu
Climate change is expected heavily impact natural and human systems worldwide (Walther, G.-R. et al., 2002; IPCC 2007, 2013; Kang, Y, S. Khan 2009; Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 2010)
The IPCC reports numerous negative impacts of climate change on domesticated crops regardless of the emission scenario implemented(Brown and Funk 2008; Ureta et al. 2012; IPCC 2013)
Ensuring global food security in an increasingly warming world with exponentially increasing world population requires multidisciplinary research (Brown and Funk 2008; Ureta et al. 2012; IPCC 2013, 2015)
Five percent reduction in crop season, sensitivity to change, capacity to cope. Source: CGIAR.
Maize (Zea mays subsp. mays L.) supplies a staple food crop for more than 200 million people worldwide (Nuss and Tanumihardjo 2010; Ureta et al. 2013)
Climate change is expected to alter maize suitability, especially between the tropics (Ramirez-Cabral et al., 2017)
Mexico, maize's C.O.D., harbors traditional maize landraces that account for 60% of maize genetic diversity globally (Ureta et al. 2013)
Preservation of agrobiodiversity at centers of domestication critical for global food security (Thrupp 2000; Esquinas-Alcazar 2005; Ureta et al. 2013).
Source: The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
| LENGUA1 | LENGUA2 | LENGUA3 | LENGUA4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | MIXTECO | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 1 | PUREPECHA | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 2 | MIXTECO | PUREPECHA | NA | NA |
| 3 | CUCAPA | PUREPECHA | NA | NA |
| 5 | NAHUATL | MIXTECO | YAQUI | NA |
| 6 | PIMA ALTO | MAYO | NA | NA |
| 7 | TARAHUMARA | YAQUI | PIMA | NA |
| 8 | TARAHUMARA | MAZAHUA | NA | NA |
| 9 | MIXTECO | ZAPOTECO | MAYO | NA |
| 10 | MAYO | CHINANTECO | MIXE | OTOMI |
| 11 | PIMA ALTO | MAYO | TARAHUMARA | NA |
| 12 | TARAHUMARA | MAYA | NA | NA |
| 13 | MAYA | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 14 | MIXTECO | MAYO | NA | NA |
| 15 | TARAHUMARA | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 16 | TARAHUMARA | TEPEHUAN | NA | NA |
| 17 | PUREPECHA | MAYO | NA | NA |
| 18 | YAQUI | MAYO | NA | NA |
| 19 | TARAHUMARA | YAQUI | NA | NA |
| 20 | PIMA ALTO | NA | NA | NA |
| 21 | TARAHUMARA | NA | NA | NA |
| 22 | MAYO | YAQUI | ZAPOTECO | CHINANTECO |
| 23 | MAYO | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 25 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 27 | TARAHUMARA | MAYO | NA | NA |
| 28 | SERI | MAYO | NA | NA |
| 31 | TARAHUMARA | PIMA | NA | NA |
| 33 | MAYO | YAQUI | NA | NA |
| 34 | TARAHUMARA | HUASTECO | NA | NA |
| 35 | MAYO | NA | NA | NA |
| 37 | MAYO | YAQUI | CUCAPA | NA |
| 43 | MAYA | NA | NA | NA |
| 44 | NAHUATL | NA | NA | NA |
| 45 | TARAHUMARA | MAYO | CHOL | NA |
| 46 | AMUZGO | NA | NA | NA |
| 52 | MAYO | HUASTECO | TARAHUMARA | NA |
| 53 | PIMA | TARAHUMARA | NA | NA |
| 54 | TOTONACA | PUREPECHA | MAYO | NA |
| 55 | MAYO | TARAHUMARA | NA | NA |
| 58 | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 60 | YAQUI | NA | NA | NA |
| 66 | TARAHUMARA | CAKCHIQUEL | NA | NA |
| 67 | TARAHUMARA | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 71 | PIMA | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 72 | TARAHUMARA | PIMA | OTOMI | CHOCHO |
| 74 | MAYA | PUREPECHA | ZAPOTECO | TARAHUMARA |
| 76 | HUASTECO | NAHUATL | MAZAHUA | HUICHOL |
| 80 | TARAHUMARA | PUREPECHA | NA | NA |
| 82 | HUASTECO | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 85 | KIKAPU | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 86 | YAQUI | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 87 | TARAHUMARA | MAYA | TEPEHUAN | NA |
| 88 | PIMA | NA | NA | NA |
| 89 | OTOMI | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 90 | TARAHUMARA | TEPEHUAN | PIMA | NA |
| 95 | NAHUATL | TOTONACA | TARAHUMARA | HUASTECO |
| 96 | ZAPOTECO | HUASTECO | NA | NA |
| 97 | PIMA | YAQUI | TARAHUMARA | MAYA |
| 102 | NAHUATL | OTOMI | NA | NA |
| 103 | NAHUATL | TOTONACA | NA | NA |
| 104 | TARAHUMARA | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 106 | MAZAHUA | YAQUI | NA | NA |
| 107 | OTOMI | TARAHUMARA | MAYA | NA |
| 110 | MIXE | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 115 | TARAHUMARA | MIXTECO | NAHUATL | NA |
| 125 | TARAHUMARA | HUICHOL | NA | NA |
| 135 | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | CHOL | NA |
| 139 | TARAHUMARA | HUAVE | NA | NA |
| 144 | TARAHUMARA | TOTONACA | ZAPOTECO DEL ISTMO | MAYA |
| 149 | MAYO | CAHITA | NA | NA |
| 150 | OTOMI | NA | NA | NA |
| 154 | HUASTECO | NA | NA | NA |
| 160 | TARAHUMARA | YAQUI | TEPEHUAN | MAYA |
| 163 | TARAHUMARA | MAZAHUA | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 164 | TOTONACA | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 171 | NAHUATL | POPOLUCA | NA | NA |
| 172 | NAHUATL | MAYA | NA | NA |
| 175 | NAHUATL | TARAHUMARA | MAYA | ZAPOTECO |
| 179 | MAZAHUA | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 180 | MAYA | TARAHUMARA | NA | NA |
| 187 | MIXTECO | MIXTECO DE LA MIXTECA ALTA | NA | NA |
| 188 | HUASTECO | HUICHOL | NAHUATL | NA |
| 190 | TEPEHUAN | TARAHUMARA | NA | NA |
| 195 | HUASTECO | MAYA | NA | NA |
| 202 | HUASTECO | TARAHUMARA | NA | NA |
| 209 | NAHUATL | HUASTECO | NA | NA |
| 216 | NAHUATL | TARAHUMARA | NA | NA |
| 217 | HUASTECO | CHATINO | NA | NA |
| 220 | CHONTAL | OTOMI | NA | NA |
| 222 | MIXTECO | HUASTECO | NA | NA |
| 223 | CHONTAL | HUASTECO | TARAHUMARA | CHOL |
| 229 | MAYA | OTOMI | NA | NA |
| 235 | ZAPOTECO | TEPEHUAN | MIXTECO | MAYO |
| 236 | TARAHUMARA | MAYA | NAHUATL | OTOMI |
| 242 | NAHUATL | MAYA | TARAHUMARA | NA |
| 244 | MAZAHUA | TARAHUMARA | NA | NA |
| 247 | MAYO | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 248 | NAHUATL | TEPEHUAN | MAYA | NA |
| 251 | MAYA | TOTONACA | NAHUATL | NA |
| 255 | MAYO | MAZATECO | NA | NA |
| 256 | TOTONACA | HUASTECO | NA | NA |
| 257 | CHICHIMECA JONAZ | MAYA | NA | NA |
| 258 | ZAPOTECO | MAYA | NA | NA |
| 261 | CHOL | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 263 | TARAHUMARA | NAHUATL | MAYA | NA |
| 264 | AGUACATECO | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 265 | MAYA | TARAHUMARA | HUASTECO | MIXTECO |
| 270 | CORA | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 272 | TEPEHUAN | TARAHUMARA | ZAPOTECO | MAYA |
| 274 | NAHUATL | PUREPECHA | HUICHOL | NA |
| 275 | MIXTECO | OTOMI | HUICHOL | NA |
| 276 | TARAHUMARA | TEPEHUAN | OTOMI | NA |
| 284 | OTOMI | TEPEHUAN | NAHUATL | NA |
| 291 | CHOL | MIXTECO | PUREPECHA | NA |
| 292 | HUASTECO | TEPEHUAN | NA | NA |
| 293 | TEPEHUAN | OTOMI | NA | NA |
| 295 | MAZAHUA | NA | NA | NA |
| 299 | NAHUATL | HUICHOL | MAYA | NA |
| 300 | HUASTECO | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 303 | TEPEHUAN | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 304 | NAHUATL | MAYA | HUASTECO | NA |
| 305 | TEPEHUAN | MAYO | MAYA | HUICHOL |
| 306 | MIXTECO | ZAPOTECO | NAHUATL | CORA |
| 307 | MIXTECO | TARAHUMARA | NA | NA |
| 309 | NAHUATL | TOTONACA | HUASTECO | MAYA |
| 311 | OTOMI | PUREPECHA | NAHUATL | NA |
| 313 | HUAVE | MAYA | TEPEHUAN | ZAPOTECO |
| 314 | ZAPOTECO | MAYA | MAZAHUA | NAHUATL |
| 316 | CHONTAL DE OAXACA | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 317 | HUASTECO | OTOMI | NA | NA |
| 322 | ZAPOTECO | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 328 | TEPEHUAN | HUICHOL | NA | NA |
| 329 | CORA | MAYO | MIXTECO | NAHUATL |
| 331 | TEPEHUAN | TOTONACA | NA | NA |
| 333 | NAHUATL | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 336 | HUICHOL | MAZAHUA | NA | NA |
| 338 | NAHUATL | PUREPECHA | NA | NA |
| 343 | TEPEHUAN | MAYO | NA | NA |
| 345 | OTOMI | PUREPECHA | TOTONACA | HUASTECO |
| 348 | OTOMI | NAHUATL | TARAHUMARA | NA |
| 349 | CHONTAL DE OAXACA | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 350 | NAHUATL | CHICHIMECA JONAZ | NA | NA |
| 356 | TEPEHUAN | CORA | NA | NA |
| 357 | AGUACATECO | MIXTECO | NAHUATL | NA |
| 360 | PUREPECHA | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 362 | MAYA | MAZAHUA | NA | NA |
| 363 | OTOMI | HUICHOL | NA | NA |
| 367 | NAHUATL | MAZAHUA | NA | NA |
| 368 | MIXTECO | NAHUATL | OTOMI | NA |
| 372 | PAME | HUASTECO | NA | NA |
| 373 | HUICHOL | TEPEHUA | NA | NA |
| 374 | MAZAHUA | PUREPECHA | NA | NA |
| 375 | ZAPOTECO | OTOMI | HUICHOL | NAHUATL |
| 377 | HUASTECO | NAHUATL | OTOMI | NA |
| 378 | ZAPOTECO | TEPEHUAN | HUICHOL | NAHUATL |
| 380 | MAYA | TEPEHUAN | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 382 | ZAPOTECO | TOTONACA | NA | NA |
| 383 | CORA | HUICHOL | NA | NA |
| 387 | MIXTECO | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 389 | HUICHOL | CORA | NA | NA |
| 390 | CORA | TEPEHUAN | NA | NA |
| 391 | OTOMI | MAZAHUA | NA | NA |
| 404 | NAHUATL | MAZAHUA | MIXTECO | NA |
| 406 | MAZAHUA | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 413 | OTOMI | MIXE | NAHUATL | NA |
| 418 | HUICHOL | MAYA | NAHUATL | NA |
| 420 | MAYA | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 421 | PAME | HUASTECO | HUICHOL | NA |
| 423 | HUICHOL | MAYA | NAHUATL | CHONTAL DE OAXACA |
| 424 | HUICHOL | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 429 | NAHUATL | PAME | NA | NA |
| 431 | NAHUATL | OTOMI | HUASTECO | ZAPOTECO |
| 432 | HUICHOL | ZAPOTECO | NAHUATL | MAYA |
| 434 | PUREPECHA | NA | NA | NA |
| 436 | NAHUATL | MAYA | MIXTECO | NA |
| 442 | HUICHOL | NA | NA | NA |
| 446 | PAME | CHICHIMECA JONAZ | NA | NA |
| 451 | PUREPECHA | MAYA | NA | NA |
| 455 | OTOMI | CORA | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 456 | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA | NA |
| 457 | NAHUATL | HUASTECO | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 458 | HUICHOL | ZOQUE | NA | NA |
| 459 | HUICHOL | MAYA | NA | NA |
| 461 | MAYA | PUREPECHA | NAHUATL | NA |
| 462 | CHICHIMECA JONAZ | PAME | NA | NA |
| 463 | PAME DEL SUR | PAME | NA | NA |
| 464 | NAHUATL | HUICHOL | NA | NA |
| 465 | NAHUATL | MIXTECO | OTOMI | NA |
| 469 | CORA | MAYA | NA | NA |
| 470 | CHICHIMECA JONAZ | OTOMI | NA | NA |
| 477 | NAHUATL | CHICHIMECA JONAZ | MAYA | NA |
| 484 | NAHUATL | TARAHUMARA | ZOQUE | NA |
| 486 | MAYA | TZELTAL | NA | NA |
| 489 | PAME | ZAPOTECO | MAZATECO | NA |
| 501 | NAHUATL | TLAPANECO | NA | NA |
| 502 | MAYA | TZELTAL | ZAPOTECO | NAHUATL |
| 506 | HUICHOL | HUASTECO | MAYA | MAZAHUA |
| 510 | MAZAHUA | YAQUI | ZOQUE | NAHUATL |
| 515 | CHICHIMECA JONAZ | NAHUATL | TOTONACA | NA |
| 516 | MAYA | ZAPOTECO | MAZATECO | NA |
| 519 | MAYA | TOTONACA | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 523 | HUICHOL | CORA | MAZATECO | NA |
| 531 | MAZAHUA | CAHITA | CHONTAL | HUICHOL |
| 535 | TOTONACA | NA | NA | NA |
| 546 | MAYA | MIXE | NAHUATL | OCUILTECO |
| 547 | NAHUATL | HUASTECO | TOTONACA | NA |
| 549 | MAYA | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 553 | PAME | COCHIMI | NA | NA |
| 560 | HUICHOL | PUREPECHA | NA | NA |
| 571 | MAYA | ZAPOTECO | OTOMI | NA |
| 580 | NAHUATL | OTOMI | HUASTECO | TOTONACA |
| 589 | NAHUATL | MAZATECO | HUASTECO | MIXTECO |
| 590 | MAYA | NAHUATL | TARAHUMARA | NA |
| 591 | OTOMI | HUASTECO | NA | NA |
| 593 | OTOMI | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 598 | MAYA | CAKCHIQUEL | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 599 | HUICHOL | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 603 | OTOMI | CHINANTECO | NA | NA |
| 608 | MAYA | CHOL | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 610 | MAYA | PUREPECHA | MAZAHUA | NA |
| 612 | OTOMI | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 620 | HUICHOL | CORA | MAYA | NAHUATL |
| 623 | NAHUATL | HUASTECO | OTOMI | MAZATECO |
| 630 | NAHUATL | OTOMI | MIXTECO | NA |
| 634 | MAYA | ZOQUE | NA | NA |
| 641 | HUICHOL | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 643 | CORA | NA | NA | NA |
| 649 | MAYA | PUREPECHA | NA | NA |
| 656 | TZOTZIL | HUICHOL | OTOMI | NA |
| 659 | MAYA | MIXE | NA | NA |
| 664 | MAYA | NAHUATL | PUREPECHA | NA |
| 671 | PUREPECHA | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 672 | HUICHOL | NAHUATL | MAYA | NA |
| 676 | OTOMI | PUREPECHA | NA | NA |
| 685 | MAYA | MAZAHUA | NAHUATL | PUREPECHA |
| 688 | ZOQUE | NA | NA | NA |
| 692 | MAZAHUA | OTOMI | NA | NA |
| 696 | OTOMI | TARAHUMARA | NA | NA |
| 701 | TEPEHUA | OTOMI | NA | NA |
| 703 | MAYA | MIXE | TZELTAL | NA |
| 704 | MAZATECO | ZAPOTECO | PUREPECHA | PAME |
| 706 | OTOMI | NAHUATL | PUREPECHA | NA |
| 711 | PUREPECHA | HUASTECO | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO |
| 717 | OTOMI | TEPEHUA | NA | NA |
| 719 | TOTONACA | OTOMI | NA | NA |
| 725 | OTRAS LENGUAS | PUREPECHA | NA | NA |
| 730 | NAHUATL | TEPEHUA | MIXTECO | OTOMI |
| 731 | PUREPECHA | NAHUATL | OTOMI | NA |
| 739 | HUASTECO | HUICHOL | MAYA | NA |
| 743 | MAYA | CHONTAL | NA | NA |
| 746 | PUREPECHA | HUASTECO | NA | NA |
| 750 | NAHUATL | TZELTAL | MAYA | HUICHOL |
| 754 | YAQUI | TZOTZIL | NA | NA |
| 756 | HUASTECO | MAYA | MIXTECO | NAHUATL |
| 770 | OTOMI | NAHUATL | TOTONACA | NA |
| 772 | OTOMI | NAHUATL | PIMA BAJO | NA |
| 778 | TOTONACA | HUICHOL | MAYA | MAZAHUA |
| 785 | MAZATECO | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 788 | TZELTAL | NA | NA | NA |
| 792 | MAYA | POPOLUCA | HUASTECO | HUICHOL |
| 800 | NAHUATL | TRIQUI | NA | NA |
| 801 | MAYA | CHOL | NA | NA |
| 802 | PUREPECHA | MAZAHUA | NA | NA |
| 806 | MAYA | TZOTZIL | NA | NA |
| 823 | PUREPECHA | OTOMI | NA | NA |
| 829 | MAYA | KEKCHI | NA | NA |
| 836 | ZAPOTECO | PUREPECHA | NA | NA |
| 845 | OTOMI | MAZAHUA | PUREPECHA | NA |
| 849 | OTOMI | ZAPOTECO | NAHUATL | NA |
| 862 | PUREPECHA | NAHUATL | OTOMI | TARAHUMARA |
| 863 | MAZAHUA | NAHUATL | PUREPECHA | NA |
| 868 | MAZAHUA | PUREPECHA | NAHUATL | NA |
| 882 | PUREPECHA | ZAPOTECO | OTOMI | MAZAHUA |
| 885 | MAYA | CHINANTECO DE OJITLAN | NA | NA |
| 890 | HUICHOL | PUREPECHA | NAHUATL | OTOMI |
| 904 | OTOMI | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 916 | OTOMI | HUAVE | NA | NA |
| 921 | PUREPECHA | MAZAHUA | NAHUATL | NA |
| 923 | NAHUATL | OTOMI | TOTONACA | NA |
| 943 | TOTONACA | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 952 | PUREPECHA | MAZAHUA | MAYA | NA |
| 955 | OTOMI | ZAPOTECO | TOTONACA | NA |
| 960 | PUREPECHA | CORA | HUASTECO | NA |
| 968 | YAQUI | ZOQUE | NA | NA |
| 972 | HUASTECO | NAHUATL | TOTONACA | NA |
| 975 | PUREPECHA | TARAHUMARA | NA | NA |
| 981 | PUREPECHA | ZAPOTECO | MAYA | NA |
| 986 | MAYA | TOTONACA | MAYO | NAHUATL |
| 997 | MAYA | MAME | NA | NA |
| 998 | PUREPECHA | CORA | NAHUATL | OTOMI |
| 1000 | PUREPECHA | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | TOTONACA |
| 1002 | NAHUATL | MIXTECO | TLAPANECO | NA |
| 1003 | CHONTAL DE OAXACA | TOTONACA | NA | NA |
| 1012 | PUREPECHA | CHIAPANECO | NA | NA |
| 1015 | NAHUATL | CHINANTECO | NA | NA |
| 1024 | PUREPECHA | ZAPOTECO | MIXTECO | NA |
| 1030 | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | TOTONACA | NA |
| 1033 | MAYA | NAHUATL | OTOMI | NA |
| 1041 | NAHUATL | TOTONACA | TZELTAL | ZAPOTECO |
| 1045 | ZAPOTECO | MAYA | OTOMI | PUREPECHA |
| 1064 | PUREPECHA | MAZAHUA | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 1071 | NAHUATL | PUREPECHA | HUASTECO | NA |
| 1075 | MIXTECO | OTOMI | NA | NA |
| 1076 | MAYA | MAZATECO | NA | NA |
| 1079 | PUREPECHA | OTOMI | TZOTZIL | NA |
| 1090 | TOTONACA | MAYA | NA | NA |
| 1091 | TOTONACA | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 1093 | OTOMI | TZELTAL | NA | NA |
| 1098 | MAYA | KANJOBAL | NA | NA |
| 1102 | MAZAHUA | MIXE | NA | NA |
| 1103 | CAHITA | PUREPECHA | TARAHUMARA | NA |
| 1105 | PUREPECHA | IXCATECO | OTOMI | ZAPOTECO |
| 1110 | MAZAHUA | TOJOLABAL | MAYA | NA |
| 1112 | NAHUATL | OTOMI | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 1120 | CHINANTECO | NA | NA | NA |
| 1121 | HUASTECO | TOTONACA | NA | NA |
| 1123 | NAHUATL | TZOTZIL | NA | NA |
| 1129 | NAHUATL | MIXE | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 1132 | PUREPECHA | MAYA | NAHUATL | NA |
| 1139 | PUREPECHA | YUMA | NA | NA |
| 1157 | NAHUATL | OTOMI | MAZATECO | NA |
| 1160 | OTOMI | MAZAHUA | MIXTECO | NA |
| 1162 | PUREPECHA | TARAHUMARA | NAHUATL | NA |
| 1163 | PUREPECHA | TLAPANECO | NA | NA |
| 1165 | NAHUATL | TOTONACA | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 1170 | PUREPECHA | MIXTECO | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 1171 | MIXTECO | TOTONACA | NAHUATL | NA |
| 1183 | NAHUATL | MAZAHUA | OTOMI | NA |
| 1195 | MAZAHUA | MAYA | NA | NA |
| 1202 | NAHUATL | TOTONACA | OTOMI | NA |
| 1204 | PUREPECHA | TOTONACA | NA | NA |
| 1213 | NAHUATL | MAYA | OTOMI | TOTONACA |
| 1231 | NAHUATL | MIXTECO | MAZATECO | NA |
| 1253 | NAHUATL | CHOCHO | MAZAHUA | MIXTECO |
| 1254 | NAHUATL | MIXTECO | TOTONACA | NA |
| 1268 | NAHUATL | OTOMI | MIXTECO | MAZATECO |
| 1270 | NAHUATL | IXCATECO | NA | NA |
| 1274 | PUREPECHA | TARAHUMARA | HUASTECO | NA |
| 1276 | PUREPECHA | OTOMI | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 1278 | NAHUATL | TOTONACA | TZELTAL | CHINANTECO |
| 1290 | MATLATZINCA | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 1299 | AMUZGO | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 1304 | NAHUATL | PUREPECHA | TOTONACA | NA |
| 1315 | NAHUATL | TOTONACA | MAYA | NA |
| 1318 | NAHUATL | MATLATZINCA | MIXTECO | OTOMI |
| 1322 | NAHUATL | MAZATECO | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 1329 | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | OTOMI | TARAHUMARA |
| 1340 | ZAPOTECO | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 1341 | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | TOTONACA | TARAHUMARA |
| 1354 | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | MAYA | NA |
| 1357 | CHINANTECO | MAZATECO | NA | NA |
| 1358 | NAHUATL | MAZAHUA | TZOTZIL | NA |
| 1368 | OCUILTECO | MAZAHUA | NA | NA |
| 1374 | PUREPECHA | KEKCHI | MIXE | NA |
| 1375 | MIXTECO | NAHUATL | OTOMI | TOTONACA |
| 1379 | HUASTECO | MAYA | TOTONACA | NA |
| 1380 | ZAPOTECO | ZOQUE | NA | NA |
| 1387 | NAHUATL | MAYA | PUREPECHA | NA |
| 1388 | OTOMI | MAZAHUA | NAHUATL | NA |
| 1389 | CHOL | MAYA | NA | NA |
| 1390 | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | TOTONACA | MAYA |
| 1393 | NAHUATL | OTOMI | MAZATECO | ZAPOTECO |
| 1396 | NAHUATL | MAZATECO | NA | NA |
| 1397 | NAHUATL | OTOMI | MIXE | NA |
| 1398 | NAHUATL | HUASTECO | MAYA | NA |
| 1403 | NAHUATL | OTRAS LENGUAS | NA | NA |
| 1407 | NAHUATL | CORA | PUREPECHA | NA |
| 1410 | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | MAZATECO | NA |
| 1414 | NAHUATL | CHOCHO | NA | NA |
| 1421 | CHINANTECO | CHINANTECO DE OJITLAN | NA | NA |
| 1425 | NAHUATL | PUREPECHA | MAYA | NA |
| 1426 | NAHUATL | CHOCHO | CHINANTECO | NA |
| 1427 | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | MIXTECO | MAZATECO |
| 1434 | NAHUATL | MIXE | MIXTECO | TOTONACA |
| 1435 | OTOMI | MAYA | MIXTECO | NA |
| 1440 | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | MIXTECO | NA |
| 1442 | NAHUATL | TLAPANECO | TEPEHUA | MAZAHUA |
| 1443 | ZAPOTECO | MIXTECO | NAHUATL | NA |
| 1447 | NAHUATL | PUREPECHA | OTOMI | MIXTECO |
| 1448 | NAHUATL | CHONTAL DE OAXACA | MAZATECO | NA |
| 1457 | NAHUATL | TOTONACA | MIXTECO | NA |
| 1462 | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | OTOMI | MAYA |
| 1470 | NAHUATL | TLAPANECO | TOTONACA | MIXE |
| 1473 | NAHUATL | CHINANTECO | MAZAHUA | ZAPOTECO |
| 1477 | MAYA | MIXTECO DE LA MIXTECA BAJA | NAHUATL | NA |
| 1484 | CHINANTECO | CHINANTECO DE OJITLAN | MAYA | NA |
| 1489 | CAKCHIQUEL | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 1490 | ZAPOTECO | POPOLUCA | NAHUATL | NA |
| 1493 | NAHUATL | CHINANTECO | MAZATECO | NA |
| 1494 | CHOCHO | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 1503 | TZOTZIL | NA | NA | NA |
| 1508 | NAHUATL | MIXE | NA | NA |
| 1513 | NAHUATL | MIXTECO | TZOTZIL | NA |
| 1530 | CHOCHO | POPOLUCA | NA | NA |
| 1531 | NAHUATL | MIXE | TOTONACA | NA |
| 1538 | NAHUATL | TARAHUMARA | MAZAHUA | NA |
| 1541 | CHONTAL | CHONTAL DE TABASCO | NA | NA |
| 1542 | MIXTECO | TOTONACA | NA | NA |
| 1543 | MIXTECO | NA | NA | NA |
| 1546 | CHINANTECO DE OJITLAN | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 1547 | MIXTECO | MAYA | NA | NA |
| 1552 | NAHUATL | PUREPECHA | MIXTECO | NA |
| 1555 | NAHUATL | CHATINO | TOTONACA | NA |
| 1557 | MAZATECO | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 1563 | CHINANTECO | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 1567 | TLAPANECO | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 1570 | POPOLUCA | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 1573 | MAZATECO | NAHUATL | MIXTECO | NA |
| 1578 | OTOMI | TLAPANECO | NAHUATL | MIXE |
| 1579 | MIXTECO | ZAPOTECO | MAYA | NA |
| 1584 | CHONTAL DE TABASCO | CHONTAL | NA | NA |
| 1586 | NAHUATL | TOTONACA | MAZAHUA | NA |
| 1587 | NAHUATL | MIXE | MIXTECO | ZAPOTECO |
| 1590 | NAHUATL | TLAPANECO | OTOMI | NA |
| 1593 | NAHUATL | CHONTAL DE TABASCO | NA | NA |
| 1594 | MIXTECO | CHOCHO | NA | NA |
| 1602 | MIXTECO | CHOCHO | TOTONACA | NA |
| 1603 | MAZATECO | CHINANTECO | NA | NA |
| 1605 | MIXTECO | NAHUATL | MIXTECO DE LA MIXTECA BAJA | MAYA |
| 1608 | CHINANTECO | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 1614 | MIXTECO | TOTONACA | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 1618 | POPOLUCA | POPOLUCA DE TEXISTEPEC | NA | NA |
| 1622 | MAZATECO | MAME | NA | NA |
| 1624 | MIXTECO | ZAPOTECO | MAZATECO | MIXE |
| 1626 | MIXTECO | MIXTECO DE LA MIXTECA BAJA | NA | NA |
| 1633 | ZAPOTECO | CHINANTECO | NA | NA |
| 1634 | MIXTECO | AMUZGO | NA | NA |
| 1635 | NAHUATL | AMUZGO | TARAHUMARA | NA |
| 1636 | MAZATECO | NA | NA | NA |
| 1638 | MAZATECO | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 1640 | MAZATECO | ZAPOTECO | NAHUATL | MIXTECO |
| 1646 | MAZATECO | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 1648 | CHONTAL | MAYA | NA | NA |
| 1650 | MIXTECO | MAYA | NAHUATL | NA |
| 1658 | MAZATECO | MIXE | NA | NA |
| 1662 | MAZATECO | MIXTECO | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO |
| 1669 | MIXTECO | HUASTECO | MAZATECO | NAHUATL |
| 1671 | POPOLUCA | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 1682 | MIXTECO | MAZATECO | NA | NA |
| 1685 | TRIQUI | NA | NA | NA |
| 1702 | MAZATECO | CUICATECO | NA | NA |
| 1705 | MIXTECO | CUICATECO | NA | NA |
| 1706 | CUICATECO | CHINANTECO | NA | NA |
| 1710 | MIXTECO | TRIQUI | NA | NA |
| 1716 | ZOQUE | TZOTZIL | NA | NA |
| 1719 | CHINANTECO | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 1720 | POPOLUCA | CHOCHO | NA | NA |
| 1721 | CHINANTECO | CUICATECO | NA | NA |
| 1728 | CUICATECO | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 1738 | CHOL | TZELTAL | NA | NA |
| 1741 | IXCATECO | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 1746 | ZAPOTECO | MAZATECO | NA | NA |
| 1751 | CHOCHO | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 1754 | MIXTECO | MAYA | ZAPOTECO SUREÑO | NA |
| 1756 | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO | MIXTECO | KEKCHI |
| 1758 | MIXTECO | NAHUATL | MAZATECO | NA |
| 1760 | CUICATECO | NA | NA | NA |
| 1766 | ZOQUE | CHOL | NA | NA |
| 1781 | MIXTECO | CHOCHO | MAZATECO | NA |
| 1786 | CHOCHO | NA | NA | NA |
| 1800 | ZAPOTECO | MIXE | NA | NA |
| 1803 | MIXTECO | CHOCHO | NAHUATL | ZAPOTECO |
| 1808 | MIXTECO | SOLTECO | CHINANTECO | NA |
| 1817 | ZOQUE | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 1818 | CHOL | TZOTZIL | NA | NA |
| 1823 | MIXTECO | ZAPOTECO | NAHUATL | NA |
| 1825 | TZELTAL | CHOL | NA | NA |
| 1831 | MIXTECO | CHOCHO | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 1839 | MIXTECO | TLAPANECO | NA | NA |
| 1845 | MIXE | MAZATECO | NA | NA |
| 1850 | CHINANTECO | MIXE | NA | NA |
| 1853 | MIXTECO | MIXE | NA | NA |
| 1865 | MIXTECO | CHATINO | NA | NA |
| 1867 | TZOTZIL | ZOQUE | NA | NA |
| 1870 | MIXTECO | MIXE | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 1890 | MIXTECO | TRIQUI | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 1896 | TLAPANECO | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 1899 | ZAPOTECO | ZAPOTECO DE IXTLAN | NA | NA |
| 1916 | ZAPOTECO | CHINANTECO | NAHUATL | NA |
| 1932 | ZOQUE | TZELTAL | NA | NA |
| 1937 | MIXE | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 1943 | TZOTZIL | CHOL | NA | NA |
| 1944 | TLAPANECO | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 1948 | MIXTECO | MIXE | NAHUATL | NA |
| 1949 | MIXTECO | CHONTAL | TRIQUI | ZAPOTECO |
| 1962 | ZAPOTECO | CHINANTECO | MIXTECO | NA |
| 1966 | TZOTZIL | TZELTAL | NA | NA |
| 1975 | ZOQUE | TZELTAL | TOTONACA | NA |
| 1983 | ZAPOTECO | CHINANTECO | MIXE | NA |
| 1984 | TRIQUI | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 2009 | MIXE | NA | NA | NA |
| 2013 | ZAPOTECO | MIXE | MIXTECO | MAYA |
| 2023 | MIXTECO | TRIQUI | MAZAHUA | ZAPOTECO |
| 2025 | ZAPOTECO | MIXE | MIXTECO | NAHUATL |
| 2031 | MIXE | ZAPOTECO | MIXTECO | NA |
| 2045 | MIXE | TOTONACA | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 2046 | TZOTZIL | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 2047 | TZELTAL | TZOTZIL | NA | NA |
| 2049 | MIXE | CHINANTECO | NA | NA |
| 2055 | MIXE | MIXTECO | ZAPOTECO | NA |
| 2059 | MIXE | NAHUATL | NA | NA |
| 2065 | MIXTECO | TRIQUI | MIXE | NA |
| 2073 | MIXTECO | CHINANTECO | NA | NA |
| 2084 | ZAPOTECO VALLISTA | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 2092 | TZOTZIL | ZOQUE | TZELTAL | NA |
| 2101 | MIXTECO | NAHUATL | MAZATECO | ZAPOTECO |
| 2117 | MIXTECO | MIXE | NAHUATL | TRIQUI |
| 2125 | ZAPOTECO | CHATINO | NA | NA |
| 2144 | ZAPOTECO | CUICATECO | NA | NA |
| 2146 | ZAPOTECO | ZAPOTECO VALLISTA | NA | NA |
| 2151 | TZELTAL | CHOL | TZOTZIL | NA |
| 2152 | CHATINO | NA | NA | NA |
| 2154 | ZAPOTECO | CHONTAL DE OAXACA | NA | NA |
| 2156 | MIXTECO | CHINANTECO | CHOCHO | NA |
| 2159 | MIXTECO DE LA MIXTECA BAJA | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 2162 | ZAPOTECO | HUAVE | NA | NA |
| 2163 | ZAPOTECO | MAZATECO | NAHUATL | NA |
| 2167 | TZELTAL | TOJOLABAL | NA | NA |
| 2175 | ZAPOTECO | TZOTZIL | NA | NA |
| 2198 | MIXTECO | ZAPOTECO | AMUZGO | NA |
| 2201 | ZAPOTECO | OCUILTECO | NA | NA |
| 2210 | ZAPOTECO | ZAPOTECO SUREÑO | NA | NA |
| 2218 | ZAPOTECO | CHONTAL | MIXE | NA |
| 2220 | ZAPOTECO | MAYA | TZELTAL | TZOTZIL |
| 2221 | TZOTZIL | POPOLUCA | NA | NA |
| 2222 | TOJOLABAL | KANJOBAL | NA | NA |
| 2234 | ZAPOTECO | TZELTAL | TRIQUI | MIXE |
| 2242 | CHATINO | CHINANTECO | MIXTECO | NA |
| 2243 | ZAPOTECO SUREÑO | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 2244 | TZOTZIL | TOJOLABAL | NA | NA |
| 2249 | MIXE | CHONTAL | NA | NA |
| 2252 | TZELTAL | TOJOLABAL | TZOTZIL | NA |
| 2258 | MIXTECO | MIXTECO DE LA COSTA | NA | NA |
| 2274 | CHATINO | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 2291 | HUAVE | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 2297 | CHONTAL | CHONTAL DE OAXACA | NA | NA |
| 2308 | ZAPOTECO | NAHUATL | OTOMI | ZAPOTECO SUREÑO |
| 2311 | CHONTAL DE OAXACA | CHONTAL | NA | NA |
| 2312 | CHATINO | MIXTECO | NA | NA |
| 2315 | MIXTECO | TLAPANECO | AMUZGO | NA |
| 2316 | ZAPOTECO | CHONTAL | NA | NA |
| 2349 | ZAPOTECO | MIXTECO | TRIQUI | NA |
| 2350 | KANJOBAL | TOJOLABAL | NA | NA |
| 2354 | CHATINO | CHINANTECO | NA | NA |
| 2367 | ZAPOTECO | HUASTECO | ZAPOTECO DEL ISTMO | NA |
| 2369 | CHONTAL | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 2375 | KANJOBAL | TZOTZIL | NA | NA |
| 2376 | MAME | JACALTECO | NA | NA |
| 2381 | ZAPOTECO | TZELTAL | NA | NA |
| 2383 | MAME | KANJOBAL | NA | NA |
| 2386 | MAME | ZAPOTECO | NA | NA |
| 2387 | MAME | TZOTZIL | CAKCHIQUEL | NA |
| 2388 | MAME | TZELTAL | NA | NA |
| 2390 | MAME | CAKCHIQUEL | NA | NA |
| 2391 | MAME | MOTOCINTLECO | NA | NA |
| 2395 | ZAPOTECO | MAME | NA | NA |
| 2396 | MAME | TZOTZIL | NA | NA |
| 2399 | MAME | ZAPOTECO | TZELTAL | NA |
| 2404 | MAME | ZAPOTECO | CHONTAL DE OAXACA | NA |
| 2405 | ZAPOTECO | QUICHE | NA | NA |
Source: (Edmondson, 1971)
Source: (Guisan et al., 2017) Credit: (Guisan et al., 2017,A. Townsend Peterson et al. 2011; Soberon & Peterson, 2005)
WorldClim
Current Data from WorldClim 2.0 (Fick & Hijmans, 2017)
Future Data from Worldclim 1.4 (Hijmans et al., 2005)
1970-2000 Bioclimatic Variables
FAO Harmonized Soil Database 1.2 (Fischer et al., 2008)
landcover<-stack(paste0(dir_stacks,"FAOlandstack.grd"))
soil<-stack(paste0(dir_stacks,"FAOsoilstack.grd"))
plot(landcover)
plot(soil)
Method
# using all data, no pre-selection
presvifstep@results
Variables VIF
1 BIO8MeanTWettestQ 3.169749
2 BIO13PrecWettestMonth 7.203552
3 BIO15PrecSeas.COV 5.426713
4 BIO18PrecWarmestQ 5.112587
5 BIO19PrecColdestQ 6.479971
6 EVMminTempWarmest 3.258270
7 EVMmonthCountByT10 2.206976
8 EVMPETColdestQ 5.539127
9 EVMPETDriestQ 2.507005
10 EVMPETWarmestQ 4.670706
11 IrrCult 1.169090
12 Rain.fedCult 1.599255
13 Grass.Woodland 2.314950
14 Barren 1.730909
15 Urban 1.075483
16 Water 1.107406
17 aspect 1.023113
18 slope 1.446115
presvifcor@results
Variables VIF
1 BIO2MeanDiurnalRange 18.522678
2 BIO3Isotherm 23.926854
3 BIO8MeanTWettestQ 3.749390
4 BIO9MeanTDriestQ 23.234599
5 BIO15PrecSeas.COV 6.459824
6 BIO18PrecWarmestQ 3.463208
7 BIO19PrecColdestQ 7.060739
8 EVMannPET 55.203847
9 EVMminTempWarmest 28.195976
10 EVMmonthCountByT10 2.540841
11 EVMPETDriestQ 15.802205
12 EVMPETWarmestQ 45.516679
13 EVMthermicityIndex 13.293752
14 IrrCult 4.539498
15 Rain.fedCult 14.357032
16 Forested 45.296046
17 Grass.Woodland 40.844532
18 Barren 15.374231
19 Urban 1.777139
20 Water 2.225376
21 aspect 1.027214
22 slope 1.546577
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